Reconfiguration and closure of lobe flux by reconnection during northward IMF: possible evidence for signatures in cusp/cleft auroral emissions     

M. Lockwood  J. Moen 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(8):996-1011

Observations are presented of the response of the dayside cusp/cleft aurora to changes in both the clock and elevation angles of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) vector, as monitored by the WIND spacecraft. The auroral observations are made in 630 nm light at the winter solstice near magnetic noon, using an all-sky camera and a meridian-scanning photometer on the island of Spitsbergen. The dominant change was the response to a northward turning of the IMF which caused a poleward retreat of the dayside aurora. A second, higher-latitude band of aurora was seen to form following the northward turning, which is interpreted as the effect of lobe reconnection which reconfigures open flux. We suggest that this was made possible in the winter hemisphere, despite the effect of the Earth’s dipole tilt, by a relatively large negative X component of the IMF. A series of five events then formed in the poleward band and these propagated in a southwestward direction and faded at the equatorward edge of the lower-latitude band as it migrated poleward. It is shown that the auroral observations are consistent with overdraped lobe flux being generated by lobe reconnection in the winter hemisphere and subsequently being re-closed by lobe reconnection in the summer hemisphere. We propose that the balance between the reconnection rates at these two sites is modulated by the IMF elevation angle, such that when the IMF points more directly northward, the summer lobe reconnection site dominates, re-closing all overdraped lobe flux and eventually becoming disconnected from the Northern Hemisphere.  相似文献   

A GCSS Boundary-Layer Cloud Model Intercomparison Study Of The First Astex Lagrangian Experiment     

Christopher S. Bretherton  Steven K. Krueger  Matthew C. Wyant  Peter Bechtold  Erik Van Meijgaard  Bjorn Stevens  Joao Teixeira 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,93(3):341-380

Three single-column models (all with an explicit liquid water budget and compara-tively high vertical resolution) and three two-dimensional eddy-resolving models (including one with bin-resolved microphysics) are compared with observations from the first ASTEX Lagrangian experiment. This intercomparison was a part of the second GCSS boundary-layer cloud modelling workshop in August 1995.In the air column tracked during the first ASTEX Lagrangian experiment, a shallow subtropical drizzling stratocumulus-capped marine boundary layer deepens after two days into a cumulus capped boundary layer with patchy stratocumulus. The models are forced with time varying boundary conditions at the sea-surface and the capping inversion to simulate the changing environment of the air column.The models all predict the observed deepening and decoupling of the boundary layer quite well, with cumulus cloud evolution and thinning of the overlying stratocumulus. Thus these models all appear capable of predicting transitions between cloud and boundary-layer types with some skill. The models also produce realistic drizzle rates, but there are substantial quantitative differences in the cloud cover and liquid water path between models. The differences between the eddy-resolving model results are nearly as large as between the single column model results. The eddy resolving models give a more detailed picture of the boundary-layer evolution than the single-column models, but are still sensitive to the choice of microphysical and radiative parameterizations, sub-grid-scale turbulence models, and probably model resolution and dimensionality. One important example of the differences seen in these parameterizations is the absorption of solar radiation in a specified cloud layer, which varied by a factor of four between the model radiation parameterizations.  相似文献   

西太平洋帕劳砗磲高分辨率氧同位素记录及其指示的气候环境变化     

文汉锋  赵楠钰  刘成程  周鹏超  王国桢  晏宏 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2021,41(1):1-13

砗磲是海洋中最大的双壳类贝壳,其碳酸盐壳体通常具有年纹层和天纹层,是一种理想的高分辨率古气候研究载体。氧同位素是砗磲古气候研究中最常用的指标之一,但在将其应用于古气候重建之前,通常需要对其现代地球化学过程进行准确的校准。帕劳群岛位于西太平洋暖池西北边缘,其珊瑚礁盘具有丰富的砗磲壳体资源,为开展古气候研究提供了丰富的材料。在本次研究中,对采自帕劳群岛的现代活体库氏砗磲(Tridacna gigas)PL-1的内层壳体进行了高分辨率氧同位素分析,同时利用该砗磲较为清晰的天生长纹层对氧同位素的年代学框架进行了标定。结果表明,该砗磲壳体的氧同位素没有明显的变化趋势,说明砗磲个体的生命效应对氧同位素没有显著影响;砗磲壳体氧同位素没有清晰的年周期变化,常出现不规则的毛刺状峰值。结合现代器测资料分析发现,帕劳砗磲内层壳体的氧同位素记录了热带太平洋ENSO活动对该区域水文气候变化的影响。该研究结果表明,帕劳砗磲内层壳体天生长纹层和氧同位素,具有用于开展高分辨率古气候研究的潜力。  相似文献   

基于自适应变步长波场延拓的可控层分阶层间多次波模拟          下载免费PDF全文

匡伟康  胡天跃  段文胜  李劲松  李艳东 《地球物理学报》2020,63(5):2043-2055

地下低速夹层的存在导致地震数据中包含较强能量的层间多次波,有效识别和预测深部储层上覆地层产生的层间多次波是提高深部储层解释精度的重要环节,而准确模拟层间多次波是辅助识别地震数据中层间多次波的一种非常有效的方法.本文提出了一种基于自适应变步长波场延拓的可控地层分阶层间多次波模拟方法,该方法基于自适应变步长波场延拓,以递归循环的方式实现分阶层间多次波的模拟.通过对模型添加双重层位约束,可以模拟指定地层产生的各阶层间多次波.利用二维反周期延拓方法压制波场延拓的边界反射优于传统方法,例如吸收边界法.提出自适应变步长波场延拓技术,大大提升了波场模拟的效率.理论和数值例子表明,本文方法模拟的一次波和各阶层间多次波与常用的有限差分方法模拟结果具有很好的一致性,且克服了有限差分方法无法分阶模拟波场的不足,显著提升了层间多次波识别的效率.  相似文献   

中层顶区域钾层静态模型的初步建立          下载免费PDF全文

王泽龙  杨国韬  王继红  焦菁  杜丽芳  荀宇畅  刘星 《地球物理学报》2018,61(2):458-465

以流星烧蚀为源,大气沉降为汇,并利用连续方程和涡旋扩散方程为动力学控制方程,求解总含钾成分随高度的分布,再根据各含钾成分之间闭合的化学反应,计算每个高度处各含钾成分的浓度配比,初步建立了一个钾层静态模型.本文详细的阐述了钾层静态模型的建立过程,输入参数和模拟结果.此模型能够模拟出钾原子浓度随高度的分布,并与北京激光雷达观测的钾原子浓度的夜间年平均曲线进行了对比.钾层峰值密度和质心高度的模拟值与观测值仅相差0.2%和0.7%,但柱密度和RMS宽度的模拟值却比观测值明显偏小.模拟结果与观测并不完全一致,其差别主要来自于钾层的下部.钾层静态模型的建立和不断完善为研究钾层的特性和演化规律提供了有力的支撑.  相似文献   

Structure-soil-structure interaction of adjacent buildings subjected to seismic loading     

Milad Bybordiani  Yalin Arici 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(7):731-748

The problem of the through-soil coupling of structures has puzzled the researchers in the field for a long while, especially regarding the varied performance of identical, adjacent buildings in earthquakes. The phenomenon of structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) that has often been overlooked is recently being recognized: The possible effects in urban regions are yet to be thoroughly quantified. In this respect, the goal of this work was to rigorously investigate the interacting effects of adjacent buildings in a two-dimensional setting. Detailed finite element models of 5-, 15-, and 30-story structures, realistically designed, were used in forming building clusters on the viscoelastic half-space. Perfectly matched layers were used to properly define the half-space boundaries. The interaction of the structure and the soil medium because of the presence of spatially varying ground motion on the boundary of excavated region was considered. The effects of the foundation material and the distance between adjacent buildings on the structural behavior of the neighboring buildings were investigated using drift ratios and base shear quantities as the engineering demand parameters of interest. The effects of SSSI, first investigated in the frequency domain, was then quantified in the time domain using suites of appropriate ground motions in accordance with the soil conditions, and the results were compared with the counterpart SSI solution of a single building. The results showed that, for identical low-rise structures, the effects of SSSI were negligible. Yet, neglecting SSSI for neighboring closely spaced high-rise structures or building clusters with a large stiffness contrast was shown to lead to a considerable underestimation of the true seismic demands even compared with solutions obtained using the rigid base assumption.  相似文献   

论强化垂直聚焦测深法     

傅良魁  蒋国富 《现代地质》1988,2(1):120

本文首先讨论了强化垂直聚焦测深法（简称聚焦测深法）的视电阻宰表达式,提出了在实际工作中代换该法的简单装置及其观测方案。其次,详细分析了利用线性滤波法计算的聚焦测深法ρs理论曲线,指出了似增层性质及多种因素对ρs曲线的形状和特征点极距的影响作用。最后阐明了聚焦测深法在地质效能上不具有定勘探深度的原因。  相似文献   

利用自然伽马测井估算塔里木盆地沉积层生热率     

罗昕  朱传庆  张宝收  唐博宁  陈天戈 《地质学报》2020,94(7):2078-2088

盆地的热体制研究对盆地构造演化与油气勘探意义重大。岩石放射性生热率是岩石重要的热物性参数,是研究盆地热体制的基础数据之一。不同于传统的分析测试方法,自然伽马（GR）—生热率（A）换算只需要GR测井就可以计算生热率。笔者利用塔里木盆地不同地区20口主要钻井的GR测井数据计算了沉积层共6094个生热率数据,建立了代表性钻井岩性测井—生热率对比图、塔里木盆地地层生热率柱,估算了盆地沉积层放射性生热对地表热流的贡献及对深部地层的增温效应。结果表明,塔里木盆地沉积层的平均生热率为1. 17±0. 336μW/m3,岩性是地层生热率的主控因素,泥岩生热率最高,为1. 96±0. 318μW/m3,砂岩次之,为0. 99±0. 264μW/m3,白云岩和灰岩生热率较低,分别为0. 44±0. 362μW/m3和0. 36±0. 408μW/m3。根据地层生热率,估算沉积层生热贡献的热流为9. 36mW/m2,约占地表总热流的21%,沉积层生热对地温梯度的贡献约为3. 3℃/km,放射性生热对属于“冷盆”的塔里木盆地的地温场具有不容忽视的影响。  相似文献   

中国七个产地卤虫卵的生物学测定     

王素凤 《海洋通报》2009,28(4)

为深入了解卤虫卵生物学测定值与其品系间的相关性,选择青海尕海、新疆阿其克库勒湖、山西解池、山东埕口盐场、西藏 ( 具体地点不详 )、新疆鲸鱼湖以及西藏拉果错湖共 7 个品系的卤虫卵,进行了干卵、水合卵、脱壳卵卵径及卵亚壳层厚度的测定.统计结果显示卵径及卵的颜色与海拔高度密切相关,高海拔地区卤虫卵径大、颜色深;卤虫卵径的大小与其成体的生殖方式似乎无直接关联;以卤虫卵亚壳层厚度及卤虫卵径为依据的 Q-聚类结果一致,其中西藏、新疆鲸鱼湖、新疆阿其克库勒湖、以及西藏拉果错湖卤虫卵为一组,山西解池、山东埕口盐场、及青海尕海卤虫卵为一组.卤虫卵亚壳层厚度及卤虫卵径与卤虫品系之间均存在相关性.  相似文献   

南沙群岛海区NS97-13柱样沉积物磁化率各向异性研究          下载免费PDF全文

汤贤赞  陈木宏  刘建国  张兰兰  陈忠 《海洋学报》2009,31(6):69-76

通过南海南沙群岛海区NS97-13柱样磁化率各向异性系统测试、统计计算和测年等分析,给出了沉积物的磁化率椭球几何形态,重建了研究海区的古水流方向、沉积物的沉积形式。研究结果表明:(1)压扁型椭球(E>1)的择优方向位于磁性线理-磁性叶理直线的上方,夹角β的范围为0°<β≤33.14°,拉长型椭球(E<1)的择优方向位于磁性线理-磁性叶理直线的下方,夹角α的范围为33.14°<α<56.86°,指示磁性颗粒沉降时受动力作用的大小及其受力方向不同;(2)由磁化率各向异性参数(磁性线理-各向异性度,磁性叶理-各向异性度)确定的沉积物有改造沉积、再沉积和稳定沉积三种形式,前两种形式掺杂在稳定沉积层中的不同部位,构成部分混合沉积;(3)最大磁化率和中间磁化率的轴向分布表征研究海区距今近62 ka以来古水流方向主要为南北和北东-南西向,总磁化率记录了Heinrich层中的冷事件H1—H6。  相似文献